The internal evidence from Shan Hai Jing discussed in the previous article throws light on why relics of the Xia dynasty could not be found in China.

Shan Hai Jing's References to Ancient Chinese Legendary Figures

Shan Hai Jing notes several ancient Chinese legendary figures.

• 2.42. Huang Di. 17.20b: Chi You compose army attack Huang Di, Huang Di thus orders Ying Long attack Zi Zhou (Hope Province) plain. Ying Long domesticates water, Chi You invites Feng Ba (Wind Senior), Rain Master, release big wind rains.
  2.45 Hou Ji (Rear Millet) secret place also. 11.7: Is Hou Ji burial west. 16.8: Emperor Jun begats Hou Ji (Later Millet), millet drop hundred valleys.
  2.49 West Queen Mother residence. 12.3a: Hsi Wang Mu (West Queen Mother) ladder table,
  3.65: Fire Emperor small daughter, name called Nuwa
  6.23: Di (Barbarian) Mountain, Emperor Yao buried at south, Emperor Ku buried at north. 15.25: Emperor Yao, Emperor Ku, Emperor Shun buried mountain. depending on the meat, bear, brown bear, tiger, leopard. 10.8: Emperor Shun buried at take south. 15.2: Shun and Shu Jun both are also buried here. 15.25: Emperor Yao, Emperor Ku, Emperor Shun buried mountain.
  7.8: Xing Tian (Look Heaven) and Di (Emperor) arrive here
  8.6: Gong Gong (God of Water) officer called Xiang Liu Shi
  8.10: Kua Fu (Boast Father).
  8.19: Emperor Zhuan Xu buried at south, 9 virtous-women buried north. 13. 10:. Chuan-hiu (an emperor) is buried on the windward side, his nine wives (or his ninth wife) on the leeward guarded by four snakes. 16.12: Zhuan Xu begats Lao Tong (Old Boy), Lao Tong (Old Boy) begats Tai Zi Chang Qin (Big Son Long Zither),. 18.5: Huang Di wife Lei Zhu (Thunder Ancestor) begats Zhang Yi (Prosperous Expectation, begats Emperor Zhuan Xu.
  11.13: benevolent Yi (Divine Archer) .
  11.15:, enters Yu (Great Yu) place.
  14.34 Ying Long (Agree Dragon) resides Nan Ji (South Extreme) kill Chi You (Worm Discontent) and Kua Fu (Boast Father) . 17.15 Kua Fu (Boast Father). Hou Tu (Later Dust ) begats Xin (Word),Xin begats Kua Fu. Ying Lung later kill Chi You, also kill Kua Fu, thus go south direction resides there, cause south much rains.
  18.30: Yan Di (Flame Emperor) grandson senior mauseolum (ling),

Shan Hai Jing refers to the Xia emperor Qi and the fall of the Xia dynasty, when Tang of Shang defeated the last Xia emperor Jie.

• 7.4: On the Plain of the Grand Music, the Xia Sovereign Qi danced "The Nine Dai Dances." He rode on two dragons, and the clouds formed a canopy for him three layers high. In his left hand he held a feathered pennant, in his right, a jade ring, and he wore a jade semi-circle from his belt. This is north of the Mountain of the Grand Movement. According to another version, this occurred on the plain of the Great Bestowal

  16.40: There is a person without head who stands barnishing a halberd and shield named the Corpse of Geng of the Xia. Of old when Tang the Victorious attacked King Jie of the Xia at Mount Xheng and defeated him.

In the previous article, it is demonstrated that Chapters 6 to 18 of Shan Hai Jing describe the Americas' physical geography from Alaska through California-Mexico to Peru and Patagonia. The ill-recognised thing is that all the above well known ancient Chinese legendary figures were in locations described by Chapters 6 to 18 of Shan Hai Jing, i.e. the Americas! That is, the locations of the Xia dynasty and the early stages of the Shang dynasty were in the Americas!

It appears that the Xia dynasty arose with founding Xia emperor Ta Yu following the great wars between Yellow Emperor Huang Di and Chi You. Chapters 6 to 18 show the rise of Xia emperor Qi, the son of Ta Yu in Chapter 7 and then progresses into Chapter 17, where founding Shang emperor Tang overthrew the Xia dynasty.

Ruskamp's Petroglyphs Evidence

A remarkable supporting evidence for the existence of the Xia dynasty in the Americas can be deduced from the petroglyphs inscriptions highlighted by John A Ruskamp. (Tara MacIsaac, Epoch Time. Dec 24, 2014. Did the Ancient Chinese Make Contact With Native Americans? https://www.theepochtimes.com/did-ancient-chinese-make-contact-with-native-americans_1120935.html). In the region of New Mexico and Arizona there are scattered rocks with inscriptions, apparently made long ago by the indigenous Indians.. John A. Ruskamp found ancient Chinese oracle bones scripts on some of these rocks. The oracle bones inscriptions on these petroglyphs show ancient Chinese presence in the Americas.

One of these petroglyphs with a particular set of inscriptions indicating the presence of early Shang emperor Da Jia in the Albuquerque [New Mexico] region.

• The symbols on this boulder [Petroglyph National Monument] are clearly ancient Chinese scripts. The lower portion of this bipartite photo shows the boulder with matching ancient Chinese pictograms inserted over the corresponding petroglyphs. When read together these script figures follow known anceint Chinese syntax and record a traditional ancient Chinese sacrificial ritual, that is, the offering of a dog, likely to honor the memory of the 3rd Shang dynasty king, Da Jia. [actually 4th Shang emperor Tai Jia, 1535 to 1523 BCE] (Tara MacIsaac, Epoch Time. Dec 24, 2014. Did the Ancient Chinese Make Contact With Native Americans? https://www.theepochtimes.com/did-ancientchinese-make-contactwith-nativeamericans_1120935.html)

It is claimed that the petroglyphs characters were introduced into the Americas by the ancient Chinese. The oracle bones characters existed around 1700 to 1000 BC in ancient China. However, many of the petroglyphs were far older, going back to periods long before the Shang dynasty.

• But while there are some similarities between the Chinese and American glyph samples, the glyphs are almost never identical, and in many cases, the similarities are not as obvious as Ruskamp claims. Another problem for Song and Ruskamp's interpretation is that some of the North American glyphs they examined are estimated to have been created between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago, long before the appearance of the Chinese bone script. (Alexander Ewen. Jul 15, 2016. Were Some Petroglyphs Inspired By Chinese Explorers? https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/archive/were-some-petroglyphs-inspired-by-chinese-explorers-68ZvWaS24EuMCTy4VorEdA/)

Scholars have been arguing whether the Chinese went to America. It does not occur to them that the migration was not from China to America but the other way round

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